Classically, “soft shell” (a symptom of nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism) is caused by inadequate dietary calcium and vitamin D, excessive dietary phosphorus, and lack of ultraviolet light. The disease is most common in young turtles, and symptoms may include a soft shell, broken bones, and weakness. If detected early, the disease is reversible with correction of diet and lighting, while more advanced cases may require prescription supplements. During treatment, if the patient is eating, it should have its diet improved by adding high-calcium food items and a calcium and vitamin D3 supplement. Natural sunlight should be provided, if possible, or UVB artificial lighting.
